Cardiovascular System

 

Before start this series we should familiar of heart function. Heart and brain are the two important organs of our body so we should know the functioning of heart and brain . In this article we are going to discuss heart functioning and importance of blood circulation. 

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body to supply tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. It is an essential part of the circulatory system. The heart's functions and some important aspects are as follows:

1.Anatomy

• Slightly to the left of the centre, the human heart is situated in the chest.
• It has two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers), making a total of four chambers.
• The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body, while the right side pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs for oxygenation.

2.Functions

 2.1 Description

• The main job of the heart is to pump blood, which supplies cells with nutrition and oxygen while also eliminating waste.
• When the right atrium contracts, blood is sent to the right ventricle.
• The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide.
• Oxygenated blood is shuttled back to the left atrium by way of pulmonary veins.
• When the left atrium contracts, blood is sent to the left ventricle.
• The soundest room in the body, left ventricle uses the aorta to send oxygenated blood everywhere.

2.2 Pumping Movement

• The cardiac cycle is the periodic rhythm of heart beats (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
• Systole: The chambers of the heart contract and release blood.
• Diastole: The heart chambers dilate and fill with blood.

2.3 Blood Flow

• The right atrium is the entry point for deoxygenated blood of the body.
• It then is pushed into the right ventricle and sent to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen.
• Once pumped into the left ventricle and returned to the left atrium, oxygenated blood is then spread throughout.

2.4 Heart Rate

• The coronary arteries supply the heart with blood of its own.
• The coronary arteries provide nutrition and oxygen to the heart muscle.
• The coronary veins drain oxygen-depleted blood into the right atrium.

2.5 Cardiovascular System

• The electrical conduction system of the heart determines its rhythm.
• The heartbeat begins with the sinoatrial (SA) node, which sends out an electrical impulse.
• The AV node delays the impulse, so that ventricles can fill before contracting.

3.Heart Cycle

• The chain of events that occurs within a single heartbeat is called the cardiac cycle.
• It includes the atria's and ventricles 'relaxation, or diastole; and contraction during systole.
• However, in order to create pressure differences by the contraction and relaxation of these chambers, blood must flow through the circulatory system.

4.Blood Channels:

• Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart while arteries transport oxygenated blood away from it.
• Tiny blood vessels called capillaries help the blood and surrounding tissues exchange waste products, nutrients, and oxygen.

5.Heart Architecture: 

5.1 The pericardium

• The pericardium is a double-layered sac that encloses the heart. The serous pericardium, which is further separated into the parietal and visceral layers, is the inner layer, while the fibrous pericardium is the outer layer.

5.2 Atria

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• The term "atria" refers to the two upper chambers of the heart (singular: atrium).
• The superior and inferior vena cava carry blood that has been deoxygenated from the body to the right atrium.
• Through the pulmonary vein, oxygenated blood from the lungs is delivered to the left atrium.

5.2 Ventricles

• The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart.
• Through the pulmonary arteries, the right ventricle sends blood that has lost oxygen to the lungs.
• The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, the strongest chamber, to every part of the body.

5.2 Heart Valve 

• Four valves in the heart guarantee that blood flows in a single direction:
• Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve.
• Between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle is the pulmonary valve.
• Between the left ventricle and left atrium is the mitral (bicuspid) valve.
• Aortic valve: Located between the aorta and left ventricle.